The thing with a lot of these tricks is that you have to get into the habit of using them. I knew `Ctrl+r` for history since I learned about the command line. I even have a nice shell integration with fzf. But I still used the up/down arrow keys for years or scrolled up when I was looking for a previous command, because I never remembered the shortcut and just took the path of least resistance to find something.
Usually what I do is writing these tricks down to a document that is easily accessible at a place where I know that I will look for when failing to remember them. I have a directory of docs where I write stuff like this down by language/tool/etc., so I can quickly look it up without having to search the internet. But I also have to actively remind myself that these things exist whenever I have a problem, stop me from just doing the inefficient thing.
By phforms 7 hours ago
I’ve read that if you’re trying to overturn a habit with a new habit, it’s best to undo whatever it is you did the old way, then redo it the new way.
So if you want to use ctrl-r, but you’re using the up key, use the down key to navigate back to a clear line, then use ctrl-r. Do it enough times and your brain will work overtime to find a shortcut (aka just doing it the new way).
By kulahan 41 minutes ago
> But I still used the up/down arrow keys for years or scrolled up when I was looking for a previous command
It's not even that bad of a habit with zsh either where it will only scroll through history matching a substring in your history, for instance if I type "rg -i" and then start pressing up arrow, it will only cycle through history entries starting with "rg -i".
By diath 7 hours ago
if you enable history substring search in zsh you can get that feature anywhere in the command and not just the start. it's very useful if you remember some snippet of the command like it had the word debug in it etc. in fish that is built in and on by default.
though one function that i recently added will narrow your history down based on a space separated set of filters which i found useful
function hgrep
set -l cmd history
for pattern in $argv
set cmd "$cmd | grep -- "(string escape "$pattern")
end
eval $cmd | cat
end
use `hgrep ruby debug foo` would filter for a line that contained all the words ruby, debug and foo.
By weaksauce 6 hours ago
Clearly I am missing some setting. On zsh on macOS and I tried what you just said and it doesn't work like this
By harikb 6 hours ago
FWIW I'm also on macos 15.7.9, zsh 5.9, oh-my-zsh - and I do get this behavior (TIL).
type eg "rg" then up or down arrow, and the history shown is filtered by that rg prefix.
By chrisweekly 5 hours ago
I was missing it too. Google says it's a builtin zsh feature but mac doesn't turn it on by default, so you add these to `~/.zshrc`
I was my most effective when I had a bunch of cheat sheets taped up in my workspace.
By dec0dedab0de 6 hours ago
reminds me of the time when you got strips of fn key binding cheat sheets for various popular software packages like lotus 123 and wordperfect, and keyboards came with a space to hold them.
By zem 2 hours ago
Hot-desking killed this practice. I now get desk anxiety on my in-office days
By pards 5 hours ago
Have an AI agent compile the cheat sheets into a searchable website hosted on Github for your own personal reference.
By asdfman123 4 hours ago
The printed copy lets you build a spatial association with the command. You are more likely to be able to look up and have your eyes settle roughly where it is than write a query on a custom site.
I think for a digital solution to come close you need it permanently present on a nth monitor
By UnfitFootprint 3 hours ago
and hook up a Bluetooth sensor so when you walk into the office it prints them off in individual sticky notes and assigns one of the humanoid robots to collect them and stick them on the monitor or cubicle walls of your chosen work desk.
what a time to be alive.
By justonenote 4 hours ago
I am young enough that my entire career has been markdown files, screenshots, and photos on my phone. I (a)sync everywhere by pushing git lfs commits to my home server.
Seems like overkill until it saves my ass. It continues to do so almost half a decade into all the LLM hype. It hits the sweet spot between simplicity, convenience, reliability, and precision.
People strongly underestimate how good the git life can be, especially with all the blogspam on here trying to dethrone it lately.
By sublinear 3 hours ago
You just have to do it so often that you’re annoyed by it and then you learn the shortcut and then you force yourself to always do the shortcut.
By jwpapi 3 hours ago
atuin kind of fixes this habit, when you click up you get a list of the latest commands, and you can just start typing to search. It's extremely natural.
By quirino 7 hours ago
Or you can start typing and press up arrow to search with that. Atuin (or some Zsh extensions, etc.) fix the bad UI of having to remember a different key for "search history by order and text" and "search history by order".
By SAI_Peregrinus 4 hours ago
I found atuin way too hard/slow to use, I think I went two days before I nuked it and went back to pure omzsh. Has it gotten any better in the past 2ish years?
By ChickeNES 6 hours ago
(hi! I work on atuin!)
yes, it's improved a lot in the last couple of years! what in particular bothered you?
By ellieh 6 hours ago
I've been using it happily for longer than that! I do remember having to tweak the default search behaviours when I first installed it but it's been largely problem free ever since.
Usually what I do is writing these tricks down to a document that is easily accessible at a place where I know that I will look for when failing to remember them.
People had this same problem last century. They would use templates that fit over their keyboards with all the common shortcuts and commands printed on them. Sometimes they were for a specific program, but you could buy blank ones to write your own notes.
Today, "keyboard templates" have an entirely different meaning, so the best thing for this is paper. Print your shortcuts out on a piece of paper and put it near your monitor. You could even categorize them by writing them on different-colored Post-Its.
By reaperducer 5 hours ago
It's quite true. Years ago, after `git switch` was released, I wanted to try to switch from `git checkout` to `git switch`. Ultimately I had to set up some bash nastiness to error and "scold" me when I typed `git checkout` from memory, while still allowing shell scripts to call `git checkout` just fine. It was a fun exercise, and at least now I know how I could do it again: https://github.com/lelandbatey/dotfiles/blob/99c08f81fc89710...
By lelandbatey 4 hours ago
What's the point of switching to switch? I've only ever used checkout and not sure what I am missing out on.
By wild_egg 2 hours ago
Your beef is with git, which is terrible, not a shell.
By irishcoffee 3 hours ago
A lot more tricks can be learned from just watching AI work. Instead of allowing AI to work autonomously, go back to the old days where you manually approve every command the AI runs. Just recently while doing performance optimization work, I found Opus using the `perf` command in ways I didn’t know possible. Just give AI a real task and carefully read what commands are used by the AI to solve the problem; most likely the AI uses a trick or two that you didn’t know existed.
By kccqzy 8 hours ago
> “the old days”
Is this just plain old rage baiting? I literally can’t tell any more.
By louthy 8 hours ago
It’s a figure of speech. I use that phrase for anything older than three months.
By kccqzy 7 hours ago
to shreds you say
By lencastre 7 hours ago
There are several keyboard shortcuts that you would never find out from watching an agent, but are mindblowing to new Linux users. I suck at remembering vim keybindings, but I have ingrained ctrl+a ctrl+e for jumping to the start/end of a string (which also works all over OS X). I had been a developer for an embarassing amount of time before I discovered those.
There are other terminal specific shortcuts for removing last word (ctrl+w) but they don't seem to be as portable.
By throwaway219450 7 hours ago
The OS-wide Emacs bindings are one of the main things still keeping me on macOS; in editors like Helix (or Zed with Helix mode) I invoke these really cursed combinations of the Helix(vim-like) shortcuts in the editor with the Emacs ones from the OS and it feels really natural as a means of moving around text.
I haven't put in enough effort to replicate the experience on GNOME but once I jump ship from Apple I'll have to.
The way macOS treats shortcuts thanks to the separation of Command and Control is great. It even makes Google Docs pretty painless to use because it's mostly like Emacs. Word still tries to hijack the shortcuts so that's suboptimal.
By sprinkly-dust 6 hours ago
I think gnome just had this as an option somewhere. Asking chatgpt says that this was removed in GTK4, so maybe it's no longer a thing?
By ifyoubuildit 5 hours ago
Another one, not quite as handy but still awesome: ctrl s / ctrl-q. This freezes/unfreezes the terminal output so you can read it, without interrupting your program. Useful for very fast walls of text.
By gosub100 6 hours ago
Oh so that is what this is for. I thought ctrl-q / ctrl-s are there as a nasty way to screw with users, who every now and then accidentally press one of these, and find their terminal frozen and no longer visibly reacting to input, for no apparent reason.
By TeMPOraL 5 hours ago
there was an old riddle I saw on usenet, "there is a key I use for one of its intended purposes several times a day, but when it stopped working I never missed it. what key was that?". the answer was the caps lock key, one of whose intended purposes was reverting back to normal after accidentally pressing it to go into caps mode.
By zem 2 hours ago
I remember when the Pause key did that! It's long enough ago that I don't remember which systems did so, and most laptops don't even have a Pause key any more, but it was often very handy for reading fast-moving console output.
By SAI_Peregrinus 4 hours ago
It can’t always not interrupt your program. Think about it: after you press Control S to trigger XOFF, the fast output has to be buffered in memory. That memory is certainly not unlimited. There’s no way for the program to keep outputting text. Indeed some programs (including Claude Code, at least a while ago) really don’t like it when you press Control S and let the terminal be frozen for a very long time.
By kccqzy 5 hours ago
ctrl+u and ctrl+k (to delete the line forward/backward from the cursor) are super useful too
By zem 2 hours ago
This is interesting, I also do this, it will not let me remember the commands, but, I will learn what is possible and roughly how. And in this day and age that is more important. Just like stamping knowledge into your head also became less important (but not 0 important) with books and the internet.
By teekert 8 hours ago
> go back to the old days where you manually approve every command the AI runs
Those are also the current days if you have any sense. It's a bad idea to run an LLM with access to your machine at all, but if you absolutely must, you better review everything it does to make sure it doesn't run anything insane.
By bigstrat2003 7 hours ago
So say people so afraid of LLMs they don't even use them :).
The rest of us picks a level between "approve some" and "YOLO" depending on how much they worry about having to clean up the workspace afterwards. Encouraging using the repo and some dedicated per-session storage, while discouraging changes to global state (like installing packages system-wide) reduces cleanup problem to "every now and then `rm -rf` some agent session dirs".
By TeMPOraL 5 hours ago
They run in a container with no network access, no data access other than the project folder.
By kccqzy 7 hours ago
Those were not programming tricks, but computing tricks or command line/sql tricks.
Anyways I find it mind boggling how many useful actions are not known by „normal people”. Most people are really using computers in a very inefficient way.
My idea is if we would spend time making people learn computers or software they use daily better - we wouldn’t need AI agents and we would triple GDP.
By ozim 4 hours ago
Maybe, but there's all sorts of habits and skills that would make us enormously more productive/healthy/etc. if only the masses would learn them. This is a very old problem.
By xhevahir 4 hours ago
Simple trick I use almost daily for navigating backwards to an exact directory:
I use this often instead of chaining together multiple '../..'.
Also nice for when I use Zoxide to CD into a deep nested directory. I quickly found out unless you manually CD each hop, the different parent directories aren't added to your Zoxide DB. (I have come across snippits to recursively CD into all directories in a path to "prepopulate" Zoxide).
I made this to jump directly from say `/foo/bar/batz/abc/123` to `/foo/bar/batz`.
By GNOMES 5 hours ago
This is a neat and useful trick, and I will be borrowing it. Thanks!
By exdeejay_ 5 hours ago
Abbreviate moving up in the directory hierarchy:
alias ..="cd .."
alias ...="cd ../.."
alias ....="cd ../../.."
Just keep typing period and hitting enter until you get where you want according to your prompt. I haven't found much use for more than four periods. One period would be well-defined but useless.
The "Unix Power Tools" book is an excellent source for Unix and shell usage tricks
By gnoack 8 hours ago
After 24 years and it is still useful. I would add Sed and Awk books as well.
By sixtyj 7 hours ago
> At a previous company, I shared a trick on slack every day with the engineering team, both technical and company-specific, and folks found them pretty useful.
I would find that annoying, however to not be seen as a jerk I wouldn't say anything.
By NegativeLatency 9 hours ago
I think that "everyday" would be a stretch, but i dont understand why youd think thats annoying, someone took the time to consider helping the rest of the engineering team grow, by posting something useful.
I frequently do the same, but not everyday; only when i think its something actually useful/helpful beyond the everyday crap. Most recently, we have had a huge push to use ai (just like everywhere else), ive been getting pretty creative with it, and at this point have a well polished setup that i can give a shitty sentence on a problem, not only does it understand the task, but theres a full ticket->branch->work->pr review->ready comment flow that it uses. My team also uses ai but they havent quite wrapped their head on ways to really work with it. I have built and shared a number of helpful things with the team to try and help them grow. One such thing was a doc i had my ai instance write, based on how ive been using my setup. This alone has started to get the rest of the team up to where i am.
My team doesnt share the same types of things i do, but they still share helpful things.
Call it what you will; I think if youre not helping your team grow by providing insights and helpful things, then youre not the kind of person i want to work with.
By CableNinja 8 hours ago
I think there's a fine line between helping your team grow and the sorta annoying self promotion I've seen people do in overly broad slack channels.
One is actually helping and the other is making yourself more visible to mgmt for promotions.
By NegativeLatency 8 hours ago
We work in very different places. Wherever I've worked, the guy who knows all these tricks is not the guy getting promoted. Senior management doesn't care about your shell or scripting skills. Sure - they make you more productive, but at a very local level (may be good for a single promotion early in your career).
Most senior engineers I've worked with have forgotten all these tricks, and they actively tell you that while you should try to get better at these things, career gains lie elsewhere. Focus on things with higher impact.
By BeetleB 6 hours ago
I rather think the opposite. People who share tips and hacks are genuinely trying to help others, while people who hoard information are competing on an individual basis without regard for team.
By metabagel 8 hours ago
Please take this in good faith, as I hope your own post is, but I interpret the thread you're replying to as focusing on the "everyday' part.
Share knowledge? I don't think anyone here is arguing against that in any way (or conversely arguing for hoarding knowledge).
The concern, one I share, is where the sharing has to happen publicly "every day" - so no matter how trivial, useless, niche, overly-specific the tip is (whatever, the list isn't exclusive), someone shares it.
That's the part that's not sharing knowledge for the benefit of others, but rather self-serving. I might even go so far as to say self-serving doesn't even need to be selfish; the person might genuinely believe they're doing good, but even there, self-serving.
TLDR: Share your knowledge, don't make sharing something every day, even when you don't have something valuable to share, your target.
PS - if this note irks anyone (are routine maxxers a thing?), make the goal to learn something every day, then share where appropriate.
By davidee 8 hours ago
Yep, crop dusting knowledge in a public space without at least tying it to something relevant is a faux pas in my book.
Offering to teach someone something proactively? Sure, go ahead.
Sharing stuff freely when asked and arming someone with the tools to investigate further? Amazing!
Treating a public channel like ye olde facebok wall? Mildly annoying.
By aquariusDue 7 hours ago
Depends on the banality of the tips.
By soulofmischief 5 hours ago
Why just one each day then? Why not a shared knowledge base? Do you start with a "bag of tricks" and then hand them out one by one each day to remind people you're the guy with the bag of tricks?
"Oh, yeah, I know a cool trick, but y'all have to wait until tomorrow to find out what it is."
"Look! It's a way to evaluate SQL expressions with a select with a from! Oh, you already knew about it?"
I have nothing against sharing knowledge, especially when seeing someone else do something that can be done better. But just leaving daily breadcrumbs to remind people you're the guy that teaches random trivia feels like attention seeking.
By rootlocus 7 hours ago
Because it's about the journey and not just the artefact. If you're not thinking of something that's useful and preparing snippets to share every day you are not practising it. Having to come up with something stretches your imagination and critical thinking skills. What's true for the writer is true for the reader - if you just shared a simple repository with tricks, exceedingly few are going to read that, and the ones who do will forget it. Daily practise is important.
By flumpcakes an hour ago
I don't think that's a generous way to interpret it.
I see it more as: every day they will go on the slack channel and pause, wondering "Is there a neat trick I've learned or used recently?" then they share it. It's like a ritual to remember that you can share things because it's easy to forget other people don't work the same way you do. Writing it all at once is difficult (you have to remember a lot of stuff at once) and it tends to go unread.
I also think every single day is a stretch, but it's nice to pause once in a while to think about how you could help other people with something you've learned.
By taink 6 hours ago
You’re right, a centralized repository would be good too.
Both a centralized repository AND a daily message, especially for new employees, would be ideal, imo!
Normalize chatting and sharing stuff in slack!
By t-writescode 6 hours ago
I think I would prefer an optional separate channel specifically for people to share such things with each other who wanted to see that exact sorta thing. Then nobody gets bothered by it who's not interested in such things, and people who are have a place that's dedicated to exactly that.
By blooalien 9 hours ago
s/seen as//
Annoyance is a clue; not about them, but about you.
By saulpw 8 hours ago
Weird personal attack, thanks.
What I'm saying is I am not a jerk and actually do care about my coworkers, however I also don't want a bunch of noise in a chat app I have to use to do my job.
By NegativeLatency 8 hours ago
I thought it sounded like a nice gesture of trying to be helpful and making a small connection with their coworkers. One message a day is hardly "a bunch of noise". Even though you say you wouldn't have said anything at the company, you said something here, and that has a similar chilling effect on other people who might have been inspired by the OP to share their tips and tricks with their coworkers.
Sorry for the "personal attack" but my point stands, you may not think of yourself as a jerk, but I saw your comment and thought "this guy imagining himself being annoyed at a coworker for a daily message with a helpful tip might be more of a jerk than he realizes". As a jerk myself I judged myself qualified to make that assessment and commented accordingly.
By saulpw 7 hours ago
You can mute the channel. Why would you want your teammates to communicate less ?
By simlevesque 7 hours ago
I think that it would be unwise to mute #engineering or whatever the main eng channel is
>I shared a trick on slack every day with the engineering team
By NegativeLatency 7 hours ago
An engineering team may have multiple channels.
By simlevesque 6 hours ago
The post writer is also a person that you attacked for no reason even tho he's not your coworker.
By owebmaster 7 hours ago
I keep a ~/scratch.txt file and a bash alias "scratch" that will just grep it. Then I put a lot of relatively infrequently-used but often-forgetten command recipes in there, so that I can just do "scratch keygen" or whatever and it will find it. It persists longer than bash history.
If anything, I wish I had paid a lot more attention to this in the early days and made a nicer shell environment full of my own utilities, as I felt my skills just kind of slowly erode over the years with each migration. Make a nice little nest for yourself and curate those tools as your own (text) UI.
By titzer 6 hours ago
this is a great idea, thanks!
By seaucre an hour ago
The most useful shell trick I've used to date is mapping the 'cd' command to 'zoxide', which is a more powerful version of cd that remembers folders you've been to.
By disinterred 8 hours ago
I go a step further. When I press Alt + j, it sends all the directories in zoxide to fzf (in order of frequency), and I quickly choose the directory and jump to it.
I rarely type "cd" anymore. A huge quality of life improvement!
By BeetleB 7 hours ago
You don't need to use fzf. Zoxide has an interactive function too.
By maleldil 3 hours ago
Is it much more powerful, than pushd?
By 1718627440 5 hours ago
Yes, because you don't have to pop in order. "zoxide <subpath>" is "search the history of working directories for a path ending in <subpath> and cd to that".
By SAI_Peregrinus 4 hours ago
yes! zoxide is also probably my most used tool. I did not map it to cd yet, but I use the z command to jump into directories indexed by zoxide.
By qxxx 7 hours ago
A small side note I want to raise:
Folks need to be sufficiently motivated to learn it. All hell break loose when `RTFM` becomes taken offensively; What do I know - I am just a weird guy with a beard.
And folks always wanted to type the commands without RTFM'ing - now we have two problems instead of one.
Also, these were hard learned tricks YOLO'ing until 3.30AM debugging a failed DNS clusters or why the HSM suddenly decided to trip up at 5AM!
Nobody even cares about the things we learn these days - Google and then your AI agent already does 98% of what I know already. So, let them blow up the clusters and the racks - your pal AI agent knows. Go ask them instead.
By lsofzz 3 hours ago
I find myself using ctrl-r less and less as I make sure that anything of value that I work out goes into a Makefile or the app tooling, for me this is the basis of the dev-ops approach to work (make sure everything is scripted, not worked out on the fly).
By cachvico 8 hours ago
Ctrl + R is great, you don't have to type out --dangerously-skip-permissions
By rootlocus 7 hours ago
Yes, but how do I know what should go in the justfile? When I've realized I've used Ctrl-r for the same thing a few times :-)
And as another commenter said, you often forget the target, and use Ctrl-r to find it. Although just does support fzf...
By BeetleB 7 hours ago
I do that too. I am trying to use Mise. (Getting interested in Maak. Haven't done anything with it yet. My Scheme is pretty rusty)
Still, Zsh history with fzf fuzzy searching is fantastic. I have years of history I can recall commands with a few keystrokes.
Truly a second-brain.
By reddit_clone 7 hours ago
Ctrl+r is great, sometimes. History saving sucks which can make using it difficult, but i usually use it out of laziness than trying to recall a command, especially with ssh or repeated iterations requiring flipping between two settings/states. Its hard to rely on it for other things, but its still super useful.
By CableNinja 8 hours ago
I use history | grep quite a lot, because of the non-fuzziness with default ctrl+r. If I know exactly what the substring is, then that's great, but sometimes I also want to see the sequence around the command too (e.g. two step processes like eval ssh agent + ssh add key)
By throwaway219450 7 hours ago
I’m lazy so With fish, I just type a part of the command and press up few times to get to where I want. There’s also fish-fzf.
By FlyingSnake 8 hours ago
I've relied on this so much that I copy my entire history between machines...
By jamiejquinn 5 hours ago
Self hosted Atuin would do this for you too. Unless you don't want the added tooling/complexity
By RSHEPP an hour ago
ctrl+r still great for targeting your make targets :)
By samdixon 8 hours ago
My main trick is to use fish and enable vi key bindings.
Especially on mac where there is no Home And End functionality.
By backend_dev82 37 minutes ago
If you want to level up your Zsh history experience, I built zhist[1] specifically for that. It uses fzf underneath, but provides considerably more context than simply using fzf. There's a demo video in the README.
welllll that depends entirely on the DB Software you're using. A certain IBM product certainly has opinions on this.
By rf15 7 hours ago
It’s sad, I used to love little tricks like this: optimizing my workflow, learning the keyboard shortcuts, reading the manual. But now I just prompt codex or cc. The appeal of “sharpening the axe” is greatly diminished. I fear much of this type of knowledge will soon be lost to time.
By computermadeofc an hour ago
I prompt a lot, but I also still run a lot of commands and do quick edits with vim myself, not gonna prompt "increase X to Y" when it takes ~3 seconds to do myself vs ~30 seconds for even a fast model to do it.
By embedding-shape an hour ago
I switched from vi readline mode to emacs recently primarily for Ctrl-r and Alt-. (insert the argument from the last command). I love how interactive they feel.
You can accomplish the same things in vi editing mode (with ? and !!) but they’re not as interactive.
By meken 3 hours ago
Only a few of these are actual programming tricks. The problem with sharing them is that they'll typically seem obvious to you, since you know them. It's difficult to know what is actually unknown to other people, and if you share stuff everybody knows you risk coming off as arrogant.
Here's one that I think more people should know: avoid branches. If I can do the same thing without an if statement and even a logical expression, the code typically both becomes easier to understand for people and easier to run for the CPU.
By winternewt 9 hours ago
>if you share stuff everybody knows you risk coming off as arrogant
I have always felt like my bar for publishing something (even just to internal wikis/channels) is too high due to being overly self-conscious. I think we should try not to validate that feeling by implying that there is a non-negligible number of readers who will think you have a personality flaw because you wrote down your personal collection of tips in a public place, or that those people deserve consideration in the first place.
There is no such thing as "the things everybody knows". There are just too many things. Even a list of basic tips is probably going to contain one thing I didn't know or perhaps forgot. Write-ups like this are where most of my practical knowledge comes from, not RTFM (which I do).
By happytoexplain 8 hours ago
I'm struggling to comprehend how branches can be avoided (or why one would want to, as they are the cornerstone of programming). I can only think how to obfuscate them, which is rarely useful.
By cachvico 8 hours ago
Flow control is not always necessary. Other times it can be minimized. The point is not to never branch, but to avoid unnecessary ones.
It's not applicable to every situation, but one way to do this is some very basic fuzzy logic. You do a little math and then either choose a single branch at the end, or sometimes avoid a branch altogether. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/artificial-intelligence/fuzzy-...
Another way to avoid some branches is to have specialized routines, maybe with multiple dispatch, rather than more general methods with a bunch of checks within them for slightly different situations.
A classic performance hack for critical sections is loop unrolling.
Most of the time, no. Branchless code is harder to read and easier to get wrong. Besides, compilers know a lot of tricks and already do a lot of this work for us.
Only when a profiler points at a hot loop, and the loop contains a branch on unpredictable data this technique can pay off big.
By metabagel 8 hours ago
OK, but the code with the branch is easier to understand.
By metabagel 8 hours ago
Yeah, I don't buy the premise that branchless code is intrinsically easier to understand. Maybe OP's point is that adding unnecessary branches makes code harder to read? But that's generally the case for any unnecessary code.
By robby_w_g 8 hours ago
I see stuff along the lines of:
if (x == 0) {
return y;
}
y += 25*x;
return y;
and skipping the if just makes the function shorter and simpler, while also not involving the CPU branch prediction. Another one that doesn't necessarily skip all branching but at least drops one - and more importantly makes the code simpler and easy to verify, is removing the if statement in code like
if (count == 0) {
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i != count; i++) {
puts("hello");
}
By winternewt 7 hours ago
Generally agree. As with many optimisations, branchless code can easily be less obvious than the branchy equivalent.
By jamiejquinn 8 hours ago
That's a really nice example. Thanks.
By cestith 8 hours ago
Maybe they mean rather than:
if (thingThatIsTrue):
// a bunch of logic here...
else:
// different logic here...
they mean:
if (thingThatIsTrue):
return doThisWhenTrue()
return dothisWhenFalse()
Just a simple example. I'm not sure if this is what you consider "obfuscating" the branches. Logically the same, but a bit more linear to understand?
Edit: I am bad at formatting comments here.
By corps_and_code 8 hours ago
Putting two spaces before the line formats is as code.
Example:
No space before start of line.
One space before start of line.
Two spaces before start of line.
Thus, you can put multiple lines of code with indentation as well as long as you put two spaces at the start of the line:
There's stuff like the "Command Pattern"/dispatching/subclasses etc that can make this nice, although it's not always a good fit.
Like imagine you have a few different classes of things A,B,C so instead of checking if the thing you're handling is an A,B,C you have like a shared interface across all and can call Thing.do_it or whatever.
Still branching conditionally but it's passing it off to language features instead of code you have to write.
By NegativeLatency 8 hours ago
well here is a branching strategy I often see, pseudocode, and often this is a really stupid example as I do not have the time to come up with a good one:
if Val === "A" then
Do funcA()
else if Val === "B" then
and so forth for lots of values, or using a switch statement or similar branching instead of
Object functions = {
"A": funcA() {does what funcA does},
"B": funcB() {does what funcB does}
etc. etc.
Actually writing it I remember now someone who did this, a junior who had to update a validation function for XML invoices based on their root namespaces, which there could be a large number of these, and so she wrote out
I can't remember all the details as this was almost 20 years ago, however while it was true that one branched on the schema, it made much more sense to look up what one was supposed to do based on the rule for branching and then just execute that one action rather than writing a bunch of branching logic.
So to make it more concrete: Once branching rules becomes sufficiently complex prefer query for what you should do rather than branching
on edit: note again, not real code, but should be understandable and translatable into real code to understand what is being said easily enough.
on 2nd edit: this is also just basically one of the things I prefer instead of getting a lot of branching logic. I have never seen any stats on any benefit to this model than just having a bunch of branching statements, but I feel that the benefit is there nonetheless.
By bryanrasmussen 8 hours ago
Probably by using various convenience functions.
A common pattern in an old C++ job I had: People writing for loops, coupled with if conditionals, for things that could just be done by chaining functions in the algorithm library.
Don't do a for loop, check for a condition, and break. Use find_if.
By BeetleB 6 hours ago
What people refer to when they say "branchless code" is something very particular, and it refers to not triggering the CPU's branch prediction. That is, don't make the CPU have to guess which fork in the code you're going to take. This is usually accomplished in one of two ways: either bit twiddling hacks or specialized instructions that do not affect the CPU's branch prediction, such as the 'cmov' family in x86. If you search for `examples of branchless code using conditional moves` using your search engine of choice, you'll find numerous examples.
A trivial example is actually written with a branch in C/C++, but relies on compiler optimizations to kick in. If you compile a ternary operator in C/C++ (and probably rust, C# and other languages) such as in:
int min_branchless(int a, int b) {
return a < b ? a : b; // Often emits cmov with -O2
}
With gcc/clang a -O2, one would expect the compiler to emit the following assembly:
cmp edi, esi
cmovle eax, edi ; select a if a <= b
ret
There's numerical tricks for other operations/comparisons, and compilers know a lot of them. But, I just suggest compiling your code and configuring your compiler to emit the generated assembly with references to the code it was generated from (you should be able to get it to emit source line references in the assembly). You'll likely be surprised at the optimizations applied at -02, and utterly confused by what you find at -03.
edit: Also, it doesn't mean to never branch, but to minimize branching, especially in tight loops. Branch outside loops, not inside, for instance.
e.g. don't do:
for (...) {
if (condition independent of loop variable) {
...
} else {
...
}
}
do:
if (condition independent of loop variable) {
for (...) {
...
}
} else {
for (...) {
...
}
}
By hermitdev 7 hours ago
Rust is an expression language and so it doesn't have "the ternary operator"† you can use conditionals like if anywhere in your expression anyway.
If you want to tell the Rust compiler that you're certain a branch predictor can't help here [be very sure, most often humans are wrong which is why historically these "I know better than the branch predictor" features get ignored by optimisers] you can core::hint::select_unpredictable(condition, a, b) rather than using a dedicated operator.
† That's not its actual name, some languages have an operator with three operands which does something else, such as fused multiply-add so in a multi-lingual context better to say explicitly you mean the ternary conditional operator.
By tialaramex 10 minutes ago
The latter example, sounds like something trivially done by the compiler. I mean I would sometimes, adhere to it, but only if the loops afterwards become substantially different. If I would just repeat most of the loop body, I would prefer the former.
By 1718627440 5 hours ago
There are multiple ways to avoid branches. An early return, a lookup table are two that I use regularly and consider a code smell when the AI uses many if clauses or switches.
By owebmaster 7 hours ago
A (hopefully interesting) aside about avoiding branches is if you don't need an exact answer but need your code to make a decision based on an approximation over some known range, you can employ a basic fuzzy logic method. Serially add, subtract, or multiply to adjust a value by a handful of weighted inputs then use that value instead of branching repeatedly to choose the right action. You might branch once based on the final value where it would have otherwise been a larger tree of decisions. In fortuitous situations, you may avoid branching altogether.
By cestith 8 hours ago
In what context can you avoid branches?
By metabagel 8 hours ago
some initial function like
v = setup()
if v == 1:
side_effect_1()
elif v > 1:
side_effect_1()
side_effect_2(v)
else:
raise Exception()
then we can "refactor"
v = setup()
if v < 1:
raise Exception()
side_effect_1()
if v > 1:
side_effect_2(v)
i know that this might seem "dumb" that the code was ever setup the first way but code can grow into that shape pretty easily. this refactor "removes" the v==1 branch. this new code also follows the "early return" pattern, which improves readability.
By thornewolf 5 hours ago
Maybe something (contrived) like this providing no-op defaults?
total = calculateOrderTotal(user.order);
if (user.isPremiumMember) {
total = total * 0.9; // 10% discount
versus
total = calculateOrderTotal(user.order);
discount = calculateDiscount(user); // Returns 0.9 or 1.0
total = total * discount;
By lscharen 8 hours ago
OK, or maybe...
total = calculateOrderTotal(user.order);
total = total * user.discount;
By metabagel 8 hours ago
Or:
total = calculateOrderTotal(user.order);
total *= user.discount;
Didn't you just shift the branch to the calculateDiscount() function?
By Narishma 7 hours ago
Not necessarily.
return 1 - user.isPremiumMember * 0.1;
would also cut it.
By 1718627440 5 hours ago
if you share stuff everybody knows you risk coming off as arrogant.
Or stupid, like all those vloggers posting "ZOMG! Go all in with these secret hidden weird trick iPhone life hacks to level up!" that are just regurgitating what's in the manual.
Was not expecting to see my per-directory-history project mentioned in this, glad the author found it useful!
By thebelal 6 hours ago
I would love for someone to package up some kind of script or AI skill that evaluates your current terminal config/set-up and applies all of these tips and tricks. For instance, it might detect that you currently use ag, install ripgrep, and offer a short tutorial on how users accustomed to ag should use it. Or it might look at the history of git commands you've run and offer tips on efficiency improvements.
By jawns 9 hours ago
Going from ag to ripgrep is not unequivocally better. Sure ripgrep is faster, but its file filtering using -g is so much more cumbersome than -G in ag. The latter uses a regex and the former uses glob. I type many more characters to do the same search, and the same search is maybe 0.1s faster for a medium codebase. So no for me. Maybe it’s worth it for a larger codebase that isn’t large enough to require indexing.
By kccqzy 8 hours ago
ag is also a little more ergonomic with its default flex casing: your query is case-sensitive if it has any uppercase letters, otherwise case-INsensitive. rg defaults to case-sensitive (but does have flags for insensitive and flex casing)
By rustyminnow 6 hours ago
I doubt you need a full script or skill for that. I would try something like this straight in Claude Code (and will as soon as my 5 hour quota resets :-):
Review this page: https://will-keleher.com/posts/small-programming-tricks-matt... Then, review my shell init scripts (both bash and fish) and shell history. Make recommendations based on the tips and tricks from the page.
By farrellm23 8 hours ago
I think it's a great way to stop understanding what's going on in your terminal.
IMHO the value of these nuggets is that you understand what you're doing and why; opening yourself to large amounts of non-default behavior likely will end up in a less than pleasant setup.
Not taking into account that different users might disagree on what is convenient and what is not, which is basically the point of making things configurable.
By popzxc 8 hours ago
I miss posts like this
By jonstaab 8 hours ago
While AI has made my life as a developer worse in many, many ways, I am conversely really glad the conversation has shifted past these types of tricks, framework wars, etc.
By AirMax98 6 hours ago
In Jetbrains I do secondary shortcuts and I name them as what they are in my hand:
Alt M + V = Move
Alt E + C = Extract Component
Alt S + E = Search Everywhere
_
many more.
Or just vim combos.. with ideavim
By jwpapi 3 hours ago
> In NodeJS, you can keep a connection open to an external resource by creating an https.Agent and then providing it to your http requests: fetch(url, {method, agent}). This can have a dramatic impact on latency.
Is it true that you can pass a nodejs agent to fetch ? I don't think so
By forty 5 hours ago
No. Node's built-in fetch uses Undici. The custom hook is dispatcher, with an Undici-compatible dispatcher: fetch(url, { dispatcher })
By nulltrace 2 hours ago
Wrote "script" by accident once in my terminal. Turns out the unfortunate naming of that gnu tool from unix days makes it rather unknown.
Record a debugging terminal session including output to a file. Its pretty great.
By aDyslecticCrow 8 hours ago
I was using that a few days ago
By topaz0 3 hours ago
I would probably retitle this less as "programming tricks" rather instead make it "bash/zsh CLI tricks" as this only really tangentially refers to programming.
By VCFundedGenYer 9 hours ago
`find` does a lot more things than that.
By IsTom 8 hours ago
Definitely. The whole Unix philosophy of each command doing one thing and being easily composable always seemed to break down in my mind when it came to find. find does a lot.
similar to ripgrep, though, fd is a modern replacement that’s a bit friendlier to use.
By laweijfmvo 6 hours ago
> `find` does a lot more things than that.
And I don't think that's a good thing. Especially because AI coding agents use it a lot. They only need to hallucinate a little to destroy your filesystem.
By lucasoshiro 5 hours ago
It is just a query language for the filesystem, which is what "finding" means.
It's essentially like the SQL SELECT expression.
By 1718627440 4 hours ago
> git log -S pattern (”git pickaxe”)
Another option is to do a ‘git log -p’ followed by a string search ‘/‘. It can give more context and let you browse more easily, especially if the project has small commits. It won’t work well for every project or search though.
By thih9 7 hours ago
> You probably don’t need find
I think for most cases `git ls-files` does this job quite well. If you provide pathspecs, this can be very powerful!
By lucasoshiro 5 hours ago
You might not need find due to advanced globs, but it's too easy to run into expansion limits when you match hundreds or thousands of files, so you're back to find for that.
By wiredfool 8 hours ago
+1 for git log -S. Two I use daily: rg --hidden -g '!*.lock' to skip noise, and python3 -m json.tool to pretty-print API responses.
Another one I use often is <command returning output > | pbcopy on macOS. Pipes the the result directly into your clipboard
By okinternets 8 hours ago
I've noticed the same thing with AI coding tools. Sometimes I learn more from the commands they use along the way than from the actual solution.
By SebasDev 6 hours ago
the biggest trick I have is to learn to use curl properly
By olexsmir 7 hours ago
“Small programming tricks for webdev” - title
By irishcoffee 3 hours ago
Good one.
:(){ :|:& };:
By lsofzz 3 hours ago
Aside from the NodeJS "trick", these seem like system administration "tricks" not programming "tricks"
Of course shell scripting is programming according to some HN commenters
Perhaps others would call SQL a programming language
By 1vuio0pswjnm7 5 hours ago
These bash commands along with similiar others makes a developer so productive.
For me, I personally use nothing fancy other than normal KDE Kate for backend development.
Function and variable names are chosen after putting a lot of thought into it which also includes being amenable to grep and sed.
By elendilm 8 hours ago
Additional tip:
In the macOS terminal you can...
Ctrl + Option + -
...and it'll undo your typing.
Dunno about other OS keys!
By williamcotton 9 hours ago
Didn’t know about that one, and can’t find any references, but works in my fish
I’ve always used Ctrl+U, it’s an Emacs shortcut, so it works in many shells and other prompts (especially since readline supports it) by default.
(For example Ctrl+Opt+- doesn’t seem to work in the Python REPL whereas Ctrl+U does.)
By brewmarche 4 hours ago
This reminded me to ask: To what extent are people still coding by hand these days? In my profession (academia), literally no one codes anymore. On one hand, it sucks because the joy and fun of programming has been replaced by constant agent orchestration tasks, but on the other hand, it's hard to go back to the way things were before because the productivity gain is so good.
I remember learning a lot of these programming tricks over the years. They would give me happiness: learning something new about nvim, or some new shortcut in the Fish shell, or a new Vim macro, or the difference between 1 bracket or 2 brackets in Bash scripts, etc. But now it seems like all of them are irrelevant, and I wanted to see how others think about the situation.
By behnamoh 9 hours ago
> To what extent are people still coding by hand these days?
I write everything myself. After 41 years of coding, I think in code — code flows from my brain through my fingers effortlessly: translating my thoughts to English for an LLM to then translate back to code is much, much slower than me. And once my hyperfocus kicks in, the last thing I need is to be jolted out of it by an LLM prompting loop.
JetBrains Rider has an AI auto-complete which I do use for the 5-10% of the time that it can predict what I’m going to write next. But even the next-word/next-block-of-code prediction seems so hopelessly out of its depth (which is supposed to be LLM’s party piece), it’s genuinely shocking how wrong it is most of the time.
Disclaimer: I’m not writing vanilla line-of-business code or bog standard web apps, so I suspect I’m just not in the training data.
By louthy 8 hours ago
what are you writing? like - what type of programs?
By feelamee 6 hours ago
Well, there's my super-secret future-of-software-development-and-data-autonomy project, but we're not to talk about that, so shhh! (basically my next startup idea, once I've finished inventing it).
Then, there's language-ext [1], which is my large open-source functional-programming framework for C#. And although this isn't beyond the realms of an LLM: they know FP and they know C# and even my library has been around for more than a decade, so it'll be in the training data, when it comes to bending C# to my whims or to trying to eek out exceptional performance, they're all at sea.
A good example would be what I am working on at the moment, which I have in a standalone prototyping repo [2]. Basically I have introduced functional traits to C#, like `Functor<F>`, `Applicative<F>`, `Monad<M>`, etc. This brings more rigour to things like LINQ comprehensions and allows for the building of truly generic trait-based behaviours. Something that just doesn't really exist in C#.
In language-ext today I have `Foldable<F>`, which is a little bit like `IEnumerable`, but pure. I want to be able to provide a super efficient set of default implementations for any `Foldable` (or enumerable/iterable). For this I need an efficient lazy-stream or co-routine system. The one built-in to C# (`IEnumerable` and `IEnumerator`) is impure (it mutates as it enumerates), so I am trying to build an efficient iterator/enumerator that:
* Takes around 0.25 nanoseconds per-iteration-step for its housekeeping (this speed is then on a par with the mutable IEnumerators that are a core part of C#).
* Doesn't allocate any memory
* Is immutable
* Is lazy
* Can be stopped at any point and the iterator reference be passed around (because it's immutable)
* Can be composed with standard functional operators (functor map, applicative apply, monad bind, etc.) without performance degradation and without a large memory-allocation cost.
I've been building several prototypes to try different ways of bending C# to my whims. I've managed all but the last item on that list.
Not allocating memory means using value-types (stack allocated types), but that also means the entire state of the co-routine needs to be stored in the value-type as each value is yielded (because control needs to be given back to whatever code is processing the values). To solve it, I'm pretty much building my own runtime, stack-machine, and memory manager on top of the .NET CLR so that I don't have to submit to its rules. I'm trying to apply as many of my old-skool low-level engineering chops as I can (without making it brittle); but to do the last item on that list needs more space in a value-type than would be reasonable (to avoid copying costs), so I'm looking at other pooling strategies and into building lots of bespoke to-the-metal memory managers.
After all of that, it may be a fools errand, and not doable. The LLM wouldn't understand, and that's for just one feature! Also, it must be stated, I just love doing this shit, it's brain fuel. The idea of having this conversation endlessly with an LLM as it continuously gets it wrong is nightmare fuel.
I'm not anti-AI, I love the fact that people who can't, now can. But, at this point in my journey with code, I think quicker and can produce quicker than an LLM. I think it's akin to a virtuoso piano player. If the piano player had to describe what they wanted to an LLM, the magic would go, the enjoyment would go, and potentially the quality would go. It would it also take much longer than if they had just played.
That's how I feel with code. An LLM can maybe churn out more code than me, but I can build more value and I can invent. And when in my flow state, nothing can stop me.
I will certainly keep checking in though, I'm sure there'll be a point where I feel like it augments me rather than hinders. It's just not there for me yet.
I do hand-code for the most part. I will use LLMs as a "smart reference" when I can't recall how to do something or maybe to scaffold out a starting point if I'm working in a less familiar language or framework. I use them as a better search engine, where I would have probably have looked at Stack Overflow, mdn, or online docs in the past.
I'm fortunate I guess in that most of my work tasks have very loosely defined deadlines, if any at all.
By SoftTalker 9 hours ago
Also in academia but I'm old and my real work is done withy students. I'm coding by hand much less than I used to (boo) but solving more problems with code myself than I used to (yay). Having an llm do things turns out to be similar to having a student do them but with fast turnaround and it's fine to have them work on your home automation system. ;)
By dgacmu 9 hours ago
Another academic. LLMs are great for opening searches. I state what I would like to get into and let it get some initial paper recommendations. It seems to solves a hard problem: discoverability. Maybe I'm just getting subjected to more subtle bias but it is extremely easy and fast now to get a nice selection of relevant literature to review.
Analysis and any artifacts are all handcrafted by me. I mean, that is the work. I have never seen papers or code as an outcome. What I want is to learn and enable other to learn. That I can only get from doing the work myself.
By huurtehoog 9 hours ago
I still hand code backends and frontends. I also review code by reading it manually, and ideally running it and then screenshot'ing receipts of it working and attaching those in my PR approval.
By bradly 9 hours ago
I hand code entirely at work still, while almost all of my colleagues do not and I am still able to keep up. I do use coding agents on personal projects, but have not felt the impetus to switch to agent based coding at work.
I don’t mean this to brag, mostly to point out that in my line of work, actually writing the code is not the biggest bottleneck.
For context I work on greenfield network security appliances
By catlifeonmars 9 hours ago
While I mostly just do AI-assisted coding at work nowadays, after a long time yesterday I did some scripting in a python REPL on a remote server which didn't have any AI tooling. It felt rewarding. I was also surprised my programming muscle memory was still alive and kicking.
By spprashant 8 hours ago
I write code by hand because LLMs do not provide any significant productivity gains. They turn out code fast, but then I have to review it to make sure the code is correct. That takes me about as long as it would to write the code myself in the first place, so I continue to write the code myself.
By bigstrat2003 7 hours ago
Im not TYPING a lot of code by hand anymore (still some, inference is slower than typing in a few cases) but im still in the shell zipping around doing other stuff like i always have, the LLM is helpful in a lot of ways but it in no way shape or form is the ideal way to interact with a computer.
So i still get daily use out of these tricks.
Are there people that are literally ONLY interacting with a computer via an LLM? thats crazy if its true
By acedTrex 8 hours ago
My coding by hand is always exploratory. Either I’m getting familiar with a new library/platform or I’m sizing up the architecture of the software. Then it’s a heavy dose of copy/pasting, snippets, and emacs-fu. What I spend most time on is reading docs. Apart from that, it’s thinking (mostly away from the computer).
By skydhash 9 hours ago
> To what extent are people still coding by hand these days?
That's basically I all do. I might ask a few questions to LLMs here and there like Google/StackOverflow in the days of yore.
Still, every line in all my codebases are still hand-typed. I get everything I need out of the chatbots, and I cannot use any kind of agentic coding tools at work, oddly enough. Trust me, I'd love to have access to something like Codex at work. That way I could save my mental bandwidth for personal projects that I find interesting and enjoying.
By hirvi74 7 hours ago
People in academia generally doesn't code much. So I am not surprised.
LLM's have not affected us in the slightest when it comes to coding. Maybe we write a snippet, post it for llm to scrutinize, and usually LLMs spout bullshit and wrong suggestions and after enough verbal abuse it points to some issues with the code.
But I don't get this delegation to LLM's for your entire coding. I hope everyone delegates to LLM :) (sarcasm)
By elendilm 7 hours ago
My favorite is generating a sequential resultset of the numbers 1-4096 in SQL Server with this simple query:
;with [[[]][[[](_)as(select 1 union select 0),[[]][]][](_)as(select 1 from [[[]][[[] []]]][]]],[[[]][[[] _),[]][]][[](_)as(select 1 from [[]][]][] []]]][]]],[[]][]][] _),[[[[[]][](_)as(select 1 from []][]][[] []]]][]]],[]][]][[] _),[[[]][]]](_)as(select 1 from [[[[[]][] []]]][]]],[[[[[]][] _)select _ from(select row_number()over (order by _)from [[[]][]]])[[[]][[[](_);
/s
By adzm 9 hours ago
nice content
By Natashash23 9 hours ago
These bits of knowledge are becoming less useful to me now that AI is doing a lot of the work.
By bufordtwain 7 hours ago
Almost all of these are irrelevant in the age of AI, except for the logarithm thing
By monideas 8 hours ago
Can you explain that one (the logarithm trick)? I have no idea what it's trying do to. Is it saying that it's convenient or useful to know the order of magnitude of a number rather than its value?
By thatcherc 6 hours ago
Using a computer is irrelevant in the age of AI, you should stop doing that.
By bigfishrunning 7 hours ago
I have the same feeling, there are new approaches and tricks to get things done, mainly from how to work with AI more efficiently. But the human brain still needs to be trained and learn new things to not get rotted
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